Manual cek status speed eth card di linux

Cek status speed eth card di linux yang terpasang pada OS_Linux

root@test:~# mii-tool (enter)

akan tampil sbb:
eth0 autonegotiation failed, link ok
eth1 negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link
eth2 no link (tdk ada eth cardnya)

Utk merubah speed di eth card perintahnya tsb:
root@test:~# mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD eth0 (enter)

keterangan:
1. mii-tool -F (perintah utk merubah)
2. 100baseTx-FD (perintah utk jenis eth card yang digunakan)
3. eth0 (perintah eth card yang akan di rubah)

Untuk mengembalikannya lagi ke 10Mb perintah sbb:
root# mii-tool -R (enter)

Untuk melihat jenis speed eth card yang akan di setting :

root@test:~# mii-tool -F (enter)
mii-tool: option requires an argument -- F
usage: mii-tool [-VvRrwl] [-A media,... | -F media] [interface ...]
-V, --version display version information
-v, --verbose more verbose output
-R, --reset reset MII to poweron state
-r, --restart restart autonegotiation
-w, --watch monitor for link status changes
-l, --log with -w, write events to syslog
-A, --advertise=media,... advertise only specified media
-F, --force=media force specified media technology
media: 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD,
(to advertise both HD and FD) 100baseTx, 10baseT
root@test:~#

~~~~~ end ~~~~~

Cek speck cpu di linux :

root@test:~# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 7
model name : Pentium III (Katmai)
stepping : 2
cpu MHz : 496.669
cache size : 512 KB
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 2
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 mmx fxsr sse
bogomips : 989.59

root@test:~#

~~~~~ end ~~~~~

Perintah Eksekusi Di OS_Linux

WiFi dengan OS Linux Slacware13


Langkah-langkahnya sbb :


1. Pastikan WiFi device di notebook sdh hidup dgn tanda led WiFi (on)
2. Cek ESSID yang akan di akses


misal: wlan0 802.11b/g linked ESSID:"WASANTARA SPOT"


contoh :
bash-3.1# iwconfig [perintah cek device yg terdeteksi]
lo no wireless extensions.
eth0 no wireless extensions.


wlan0 802.11b/g linked ESSID:"WASANTARA SPOT"
Mode:Managed Frequency=2.437 GHz Access Point: 00:1D:0F:CA:AB:F0
Bit Rate=54 Mb/s
Retry:on RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Encryption key:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality=78/100 Signal level=-41 dBm Noise level=-106 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0


3. Wlan0 pada Note book belum dapat ip dari dhcp


bash-3.1# ifconfig [perintah]
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:33:31:da:87
inet addr:169.254.236.5 Bcast:169.254.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
Interrupt:16
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1240 (1.2 KiB) TX bytes:1240 (1.2 KiB)


### Wlan0 pada Note book belum dapat ip dari dhcp ###
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1d:92:c9:9d:28
inet6 addr: fe80::21d:92ff:fec9:9d28/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:81 errors:0 dropped:3929 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:176 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:5161 (5.0 KiB) TX bytes:9490 (9.2 KiB)
Interrupt:17 Memory:f8540000-f8540100




4. Minta ip address untuk Wlan0 dari dhcp


bash-3.1# dhcpcd wlan0 ------> (perintahnya)
catatan : misal pd notebook msi wifi device terdetek dgn nama ath0


bash-3.1# iwconfig
lo no wireless extensions.
eth0 no wireless extensions.
wlan0 802.11b/g linked ESSID:"WASANTARA SPOT"
Mode:Managed Frequency=2.437 GHz Access Point: 00:1D:0F:CA:AB:F0
Bit Rate=54 Mb/s
Retry:on RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Encryption key:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality=79/100 Signal level=-40 dBm Noise level=-107 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0


bash-3.1# ifconfig [perintah]
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:33:31:da:87
inet addr:169.254.236.5 Bcast:169.254.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
Interrupt:16
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1240 (1.2 KiB) TX bytes:1240 (1.2 KiB)


### Wlan0 pada Note book sdh dapat ip dari dhcp ###
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1d:92:c9:9d:28
inet addr:192.168.182.30 Bcast:192.168.182.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::21d:92ff:fec9:9d28/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:138 errors:0 dropped:9159 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:9684 (9.4 KiB) TX bytes:12183 (11.8 KiB)
Interrupt:17 Memory:f8540000-f8540100


bash-3.1# iwconfig wlan0 [ketik perintah ini]
wlan0 802.11b/g linked ESSID:"WASANTARA SPOT"
Mode:Managed Frequency=2.437 GHz Access Point: 00:1D:0F:CA:AB:F0
Bit Rate=54 Mb/s
Retry:on RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Encryption key:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality=79/100 Signal level=-40 dBm Noise level=-106 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0


bash-3.1# dhcpcd wlan0 [perintah]
err, wlan0: dhcpcd already running on pid 3854 (/etc/dhcpc/dhcpcd-wlan0.pid)


5. Test ping ke dns


6. Selanjutnya buka web browser mis: mozilla firefox. masukan user dan password bila HotSpot minta.

------ selamat mencoba ------

Melihat Spesipikasi CPU yang digunakan :root@test:~# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 15
model : 2
model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 2.40GHz
stepping : 7
cpu MHz : 2391.131
cache size : 512 KB
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 2
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe up pebs bts cid
bogomips : 4782.26
clflush size : 64
power management:
Melihat Spesifikasi Memori yang di gunakan :
root@test:~# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 1028164 kB
MemFree: 540832 kB
Buffers: 22572 kB
Cached: 220956 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 192584 kB
Inactive: 174424 kB
HighTotal: 129476 kB
HighFree: 252 kB
LowTotal: 898688 kB
LowFree: 540580 kB
SwapTotal: 506008 kB
SwapFree: 506008 kB
Dirty: 20 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 123480 kB
Mapped: 68716 kB
Slab: 25100 kB
SReclaimable: 17968 kB
SUnreclaim: 7132 kB
PageTables: 1724 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 1020088 kB
Committed_AS: 317576 kB
VmallocTotal: 114680 kB
VmallocUsed: 8988 kB
VmallocChunk: 105076 kB
DirectMap4k: 73728 kB
DirectMap4M: 843776 kB
root@test:~#

~~ selamat mencoba ~~

Membuat Firewall di linux :
Lokasi penempatan di : ( /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall )root@www:~# cat /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall

/usr/sbin/iptables -F
/usr/sbin/iptables -t nat -F

### untuk transparant proxy

#/usr/sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT
--to-port 8000
#/usr/sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 8080 -j
REDIRECT --to-port 8000
#/usr/sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 3128 -j
REDIRECT --to-port 8000

#/usr/sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.10.11.0/24 -j MASQUERADE

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.10.11.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source 202.123.12.159

#buat ngeblok virus :
iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -p tcp -m tcp --sport 135:139 -j DROP
iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -p udp -m udp --sport 135:139 -j DROP
iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -p tcp -m tcp --dport 135:139 -j DROP
iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -p udp -m udp --dport 135:139 -j DROP#buat ngeblok ip :
iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -s 10.10.11.223 -j DROP
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.10.12.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source 202.123.12.159

~~~ selamat mencoba ~~~



Untuk melihat space pada direktori Hard disk di linux

root@test:/# du -h --max-depth=1 ---> (ketikkan perintah ini pd shell konsole)
1.2M ./lost+found
8.2G ./mnt
77M ./var
348K ./dev
5.7M ./bin
48M ./etc
21M ./lib
1.9G ./tmp
4.0K ./sys
5.7G ./usr
3.1M ./boot
98M ./home
258M ./proc
11M ./sbin
1.1G ./root
850M ./opt
224M ./TA_aan
47M ./mozilla
4.0K ./service
3.1M ./topology-bo
1.5M ./vnc_x86_linux_2.0
19G .
root@test:/#

~~~~~~~~~~ selesai ~~~~~~~~~~

Contoh buat koneksi ip_add alias di linux :

root@test:~# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.2.4/24 ---> (perintah buat ip-add alias)
SIOCSIFNETMASK: Cannot assign requested address
root@test:~# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.2.4/


Hasil terlihat pada bagian susunan eth :

root@test:~# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:C0:4F:88:93:8B
inet addr:10.10.10.109 Bcast:10.10.10.127 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:51728 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:25269 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:56142027 (53.5 Mb) TX bytes:2585815 (2.4 Mb)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xdc00

eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:C0:4F:88:93:8B
inet addr:192.168.2.4 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xdc00 ---> (Ip add eth dari hasil alias)

lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:57 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:57 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:4084 (3.9 Kb) TX bytes:4084 (3.9 Kb)


Contoh perintah download di linux dari server linux :

root@test:~# wget http://192.168.2.1/file100MB ---> (printah down load di linux)
--11:56:14-- http://192.168.2.1/file100MB
=> `file100MB.1'
Connecting to 192.168.2.1:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 109,716,144 [text/plain]

24% [=========> ] 27,326,351 235.50K/s ETA 09:02

~~~ selamat mencoba ~~~

Perintah melihat dan merubah setting layar pada monitor

root@test:/etc/X11# vi xorg.conf.backup ----> (ketik perintah ini)

Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "X.org Configured"
Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection

Section "Files"
RgbPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb"
ModulePath "/usr/X11R6/lib/modules"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/CID/"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/"
EndSection

Section "Module"
Load "record"
Load "extmod"
Load "dbe"
Load "dri"
Load "glx"
Load "xtrap"
Load "freetype"
Load "type1"
Load "freetype"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Keyboard0"
Driver "kbd"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Mouse0"
Driver "mouse"
Option "ButtonNumber" "5"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2"
Option "Device" "/dev/mouse"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
#DisplaySize 310 230 # mm
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "DEL"
ModelName "2430"
HorizSync 30-55
Option "DPMS"
EndSection

Section "Device"
### Available Driver options are:-
### Values: : integer, : float, : "True"/"False",
### : "String", : " Hz/kHz/MHz"
### [arg]: arg optional
#Option "accel" # []
#Option "crt_display" # []
#Option "composite_sync" # []
#Option "hw_cursor" # []
#Option "linear" # []
#Option "mmio_cache" # []
#Option "test_mmio_cache" # []
#Option "panel_display" # []
#Option "probe_clocks" # []
#Option "reference_clock" #
#Option "shadow_fb" # []
#Option "sw_cursor" # []
Identifier "Card0"
Driver "ati"
VendorName "ATI"
BoardName "3D Rage IIC AGP"
ChipSet "ati"
ChipId 0x4757
ChipRev 0x3a
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 16
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 1
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 4
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 8
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 15
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Modes "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
Depth 16
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
EndSubSection
EndSection

~~~ selamat mencoba ~~~

Installasi VNC di Linux :

root@aan:~# installpkg vnc-3.3.7-i386-1jav.tgz
Installing package vnc-3.3.7-i386-1jav...
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION:
vnc: vnc 3.3.7 remote control software
vnc:
vnc: Remote control software which allows you to view
vnc: and interact with one computer using a simple
vnc: program on another computer anywhere on the Internet
vnc:
vnc: Package Created By: javuchi


vncconfig vncconnect vncpasswd vncserver vncviewer
root@aan:~# vncviewer ( enter )


VNC viewer for X version 4.0 - built Jun 14 2004 11:52:10
Copyright (C) 2002-2004 RealVNC Ltd.
See http://www.realvnc.com for information on VNC.


Wed Oct 21 12:28:35 2009
CConn: connected to host 10.10.10.198 port 5900
CConnection: Server supports RFB protocol version 3.8
CConnection: Using RFB protocol version 3.8


Wed Oct 21 12:28:42 2009
TXImage: Using default colormap and visual, TrueColor, depth 24.
CConn: Using pixel format depth 6 (8bpp) rgb222
CConn: Using ZRLE encoding
root@aan:~# vncviewer


masukkan ip address VNC Server nya

~~~~ selamat mencoba ~~~~~

Install Cups di linux untuk setting printer :

bash-3.1# cd /etc/rc.d/
bash-3.1# ls -la
total 340
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 2009-11-02 21:01 .
drwxr-xr-x 68 root root 4096 2009-11-04 06:30 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 init.d
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 2009-11-02 20:30 rc.0 -> rc.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1282 2007-03-27 08:12 rc.4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7453 2008-12-03 03:32 rc.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2425 2008-12-03 03:31 rc.K
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10906 2009-04-26 05:01 rc.M
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14253 2009-04-22 09:48 rc.S
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 466 2008-11-21 01:13 rc.acpid
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2672 2009-03-02 06:34 rc.alsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1032 2009-08-11 06:37 rc.atalk
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3116 2008-04-14 04:48 rc.bind
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3299 2009-08-24 16:14 rc.bluetooth
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1051 2009-08-24 16:14 rc.bluetooth.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4318 2009-08-22 09:51 rc.cups
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 512 2009-07-01 12:38 rc.dnsmasq
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 119 2009-08-25 08:33 rc.font.new
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1893 2008-10-22 11:41 rc.fuse
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1156 2009-11-02 21:01 rc.gpm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 906 2009-08-01 12:32 rc.hald
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 703 2009-08-11 02:16 rc.httpd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9579 2009-08-25 11:37 rc.inet1
-rw------- 1 root root 3612 2009-11-02 21:11 rc.inet1.conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4847 2007-09-18 05:07 rc.inet2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 497 2003-09-12 10:27 rc.inetd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2684 2008-12-04 05:58 rc.ip_forward
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 272 2006-08-12 09:07 rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1740 2009-06-09 12:00 rc.messagebus
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 2009-11-02 20:30 rc.modules -> rc.modules-2.6.29.6-smp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35406 2009-08-17 13:27 rc.modules-2.6.29.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35406 2009-08-17 12:49 rc.modules-2.6.29.6-smp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2585 2009-08-04 11:11 rc.mysqld
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2457 2008-10-26 02:21 rc.nfsd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 749 2009-06-04 04:25 rc.ntpd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1722 2007-03-17 04:09 rc.pcmcia
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1402 2007-05-18 05:53 rc.rpc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 791 2009-06-26 09:10 rc.samba
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1169 2009-05-15 05:29 rc.saslauthd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 687 2002-06-05 04:09 rc.sendmail
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2895 2009-03-04 08:58 rc.serial
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 895 2008-11-14 07:32 rc.snmpd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1477 2009-04-29 04:31 rc.sshd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 981 2007-04-10 06:10 rc.syslog
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1740 1999-09-12 03:48 rc.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4231 2009-04-22 09:01 rc.udev
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12494 2009-04-28 01:33 rc.wireless
-rw------- 1 root root 7320 2009-04-28 01:33 rc.wireless.conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2323 2005-08-01 06:56 rc.yp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc0.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc1.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc2.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc3.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc4.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc5.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc6.d

bash-3.1# chmod +x rc.cups
bash-3.1# ls -la
total 340
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 2009-11-02 21:01 .
drwxr-xr-x 68 root root 4096 2009-11-04 06:30 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 init.d
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 2009-11-02 20:30 rc.0 -> rc.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1282 2007-03-27 08:12 rc.4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7453 2008-12-03 03:32 rc.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2425 2008-12-03 03:31 rc.K
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10906 2009-04-26 05:01 rc.M
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14253 2009-04-22 09:48 rc.S
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 466 2008-11-21 01:13 rc.acpid
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2672 2009-03-02 06:34 rc.alsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1032 2009-08-11 06:37 rc.atalk
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3116 2008-04-14 04:48 rc.bind
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3299 2009-08-24 16:14 rc.bluetooth
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1051 2009-08-24 16:14 rc.bluetooth.conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4318 2009-08-22 09:51 rc.cups
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 512 2009-07-01 12:38 rc.dnsmasq
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 119 2009-08-25 08:33 rc.font.new
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1893 2008-10-22 11:41 rc.fuse
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1156 2009-11-02 21:01 rc.gpm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 906 2009-08-01 12:32 rc.hald
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 703 2009-08-11 02:16 rc.httpd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9579 2009-08-25 11:37 rc.inet1
-rw------- 1 root root 3612 2009-11-02 21:11 rc.inet1.conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4847 2007-09-18 05:07 rc.inet2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 497 2003-09-12 10:27 rc.inetd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2684 2008-12-04 05:58 rc.ip_forward
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 272 2006-08-12 09:07 rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1740 2009-06-09 12:00 rc.messagebus
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 2009-11-02 20:30 rc.modules -> rc.modules-2.6.29.6-smp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35406 2009-08-17 13:27 rc.modules-2.6.29.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35406 2009-08-17 12:49 rc.modules-2.6.29.6-smp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2585 2009-08-04 11:11 rc.mysqld
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2457 2008-10-26 02:21 rc.nfsd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 749 2009-06-04 04:25 rc.ntpd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1722 2007-03-17 04:09 rc.pcmcia
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1402 2007-05-18 05:53 rc.rpc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 791 2009-06-26 09:10 rc.samba
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1169 2009-05-15 05:29 rc.saslauthd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 687 2002-06-05 04:09 rc.sendmail
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2895 2009-03-04 08:58 rc.serial
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 895 2008-11-14 07:32 rc.snmpd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1477 2009-04-29 04:31 rc.sshd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 981 2007-04-10 06:10 rc.syslog
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1740 1999-09-12 03:48 rc.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4231 2009-04-22 09:01 rc.udev
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12494 2009-04-28 01:33 rc.wireless
-rw------- 1 root root 7320 2009-04-28 01:33 rc.wireless.conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2323 2005-08-01 06:56 rc.yp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc0.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc1.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc2.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc3.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc4.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc5.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2007-05-15 09:46 rc6.d

jalankan cups :
bash-3.1# /etc/rc.d/rc.cups
Usage: cups {reload|restart|start|status|stop}
bash-3.1# /etc/rc.d/rc.cups start
cups: started scheduler. [ OK ]
bash-3.1#

alamat printer:
http://localhost:631/admin/?OP=set-printer-options&PRINTER_NAME=Print1200

~~~~~~##~~~~~

Minicom, pengganti hyperterminal di Linux

Fri, 29/09/2006 - 15:15 — amd64

Your rating:

0
sumber : http://linux.or.id/node/1245

Haloo bagi penggemar Router , tidak usah ragu lagi menggunakan Linux untuk console, bisa menggunakan minicom untuk console ke router. kebetulan saya menggunakan suse 10.1, bisa juga menggunakan distro lain dengan menginstal paket minicom (itu juga kalau ada), bisa juga compile dari sourcenya yang bisa di cari di om google. dibawah ini akan saya terangkan cara install minicom dengan suse :
1. buka Yast (control center)
2. pilih software, kemudian disebelah kanan pilih software managemant
3. di search ketik minicom kemudian search, dikanan pasti ada minicom, beri tanda centang, kemudian klik accept, berikutnya akan meminta cd sourcenya.
ok sekarang kita configure minicom nya
4. buka shell konsole di linux ketik minicom -o -s
contoh : amd:~ # minicom -o -s
5. akan keluar menu seperti di bawah ini
┌─────[configuration]──────┐
│ Filenames and paths │
│ File transfer protocols │
│ Serial port setup │
│ Modem and dialing │
│ Screen and keyboard │
│ Save setup as dfl │
│ Save setup as.. │
│ Exit │
│ Exit from Minicom │
└──────────────────────────┘
pilih serial port setup untuk setup serial komputer kita dan keluar
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ A - Serial Device : /dev/ttyUSB0│
│ B - Lockfile Location : /var/lock │
│ C - Callin Program : │
│ D - Callout Program : │
│ E - Bps/Par/Bits : 9600 8N1 │
│ F - Hardware Flow Control : Yes │
│ G - Software Flow Control : No │
│ Change which setting? │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
6. pilih A untuk merubah serial device kebetulan saya menggunakan usb maka saya ketik /dev/ttyusb0 kemudian enter jika menggunakan com1,com2 dst, gunakan /dev/ttyS0 atau /dev/ttyS1 dst
7. pilih E untuk memilih speed koneksi, biasanya 9600 & 8N1 di sub menu.
8. setelah di enter, kembali kemenu konfigurasi pertama pilih save setup as df1.
untuk menu yang lainnya bisa di baca di man minicom
ok sekarang kita bisa gunakan, dengan buka shell konsole ketik :

minicom -o

kalau menjalankan berdasarkan nama konsole, setting harus disimpan melalui menu save setup as kemudian kita beri nama bandung dan ketik di shell konsole : minicom -o bandung
demikian moga moga membantu

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***************




how to reset linux root forgotten passwords get retrieve root password

The other day, i inherited a server which was admin by another company. Now i am expected to login into the linux server and make some changes and update some stuff, but the problem is that the previous admin person did not give me the root password for the server. So today, i found a way on how to retrieve the root password from a linus server.

DISCLAIMER: By you continuing to read this how to guide, you are in agreement that you have permission to access your linux server. Use this information at your own risk, I take no liability for any contents of this post. this information should only be used to recover passwords from machines you have legal access to. If you use this informationt obreak or hack into someone else's systems, then I am not responsible for it. Also, you are advised to make any backups of your system before continuiing.

please note that you cannot perform this remotely, you must be physically at the machine.

1. the first step is to reboot server.

2. Since the server i inherit has GRUB, wait until the grub splash screen comes on and hit the letter 'e' on your keyboard. this will stop grub. post picture
 
3. hit 'e' again and this will take you to another screen

4. you should see one of the choices has "kernel" select the one with "kernel

5. hit 'e' on your keyboard

6. type ' single' (make sure to include a space before "single") and hit enter. then enter 'b' to boot.

7. your system should boot up in single mode as root

8. now that you are logged in single mode you can chage the root password by sending this command:
     Code: 
passwd

9. after you have changed the root password, reboot server and you should be able to login with the new password.

DONE

LILO ----------------------------

1. If you have LILO, its different, fist reboot server and when you see the LILO: prompt type "linux single" and hit enter. this will log you in as root in single user mode.

2. Once booting is complete, you can change your password with this command:
     Code:
passwd
 
and reboot server.

DONE

i hope that works for you

Open FTP Services Di Linux

1. Hapus tanda ( # ) yang ada di depan text ftp untuk membuka services :

root@test:~# vi /etc/inetd.conf ---> (enter)

# These are standard services:
#
# Very Secure File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server.
ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd vsftpd
#
# Professional File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server.
ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd proftpd
#

Setelah di lakukan perubahan simpan dgn perintah ( :wq! )

Lampiran :
root@test:~# cat /etc/inetd.conf
# See "man 8 inetd" for more information.
#
# If you make changes to this file, either reboot your machine or send the
# inetd a HUP signal:
# Do a "ps x" as root and look up the pid of inetd. Then do a
# "kill -HUP ".
# The inetd will re-read this file whenever it gets thatsignal.
#
#
#
# The first 4 services are really only used for debugging purposes, so
# we comment them out since they can otherwise be used for some nasty
# denial-of-service attacks. If you need them, uncomment them.
# echo stream tcp nowait root internal
# echo dgram udp wait root internal
# discard stream tcp nowait root internal
# discard dgram udp wait root internal
# daytime stream tcp nowait root internal
# daytime dgram udp wait root internal
# chargen stream tcp nowait root internal
# chargen dgram udp wait root internal
time stream tcp nowait root internal
time dgram udp wait root internal
#
# These are standard services:
#
# Very Secure File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server.
ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd vsftpd (open "#" tekan tombol Esc & tombol "x")
#
# Professional File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server.
ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd proftpd (open "#" tekan tombol Esc & tombol "x")
#
# Telnet server:
#telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.telnetd
#
# The comsat daemon notifies the user of new mail when biff is set to y:
comsat dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.comsat
#
# Shell, login, exec and talk are BSD protocols
#
#shell stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.rshd -L
#login stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.rlogind
# exec stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.rexecd
# talk dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.talkd
#ntalk dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.talkd
#
# To use the talk daemons from KDE, comment the talk and ntalk lines above
# and uncomment the ones below:
# talk dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/bin/kotalkd
# ntalk dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/bin/ktalkd
#
# Kerberos authenticated services
#
# klogin stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd rlogind -k
# eklogin stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd rlogind -k -x
# kshell stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd rshd -k
#
# Services run ONLY on the Kerberos server
#
# krbupdate stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd registerd
# kpasswd stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd kpasswdd
#
# POP and IMAP mail servers
#
# Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) server:
#pop3 stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/popa3d
# Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) server:
#imap2 stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd imapd
#
# The Internet Unix to Unix copy (UUCP) service:
# uucp stream tcp nowait uucp /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/lib/uucp/uucico -l
#
# Tftp service is provided primarily for booting. Most sites
# run this only on machines acting as "boot servers."
# tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/in.tftpd in.tftpd -s /tftpboot -r blksize
#
# Internet Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) server:
# bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd
#
# Finger, systat and netstat give out user information which may be
# valuable to potential "system crackers." Many sites choose to disable
# some or all of these services to improve security.
# Try "telnet localhost systat" and "telnet localhost netstat" to see that
# information yourself!
# finger stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/sbin/tcpd in.fingerd -u
# systat stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/sbin/tcpd /bin/ps -auwwx
# netstat stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /bin/netstat -a
#
# Ident service is used for net authentication
auth stream tcp wait root /usr/sbin/in.identd in.identd
#
# These are to start Samba, an smb server that can export filesystems to
# Pathworks, Lanmanager for DOS, Windows for Workgroups, Windows95, Lanmanager
# for Windows, Lanmanager for OS/2, Windows NT, etc.
# If you're running smbd and nmbd as daemons in /etc/rc.d/rc.samba, then you
# shouldn't uncomment these lines.
#netbios-ssn stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/smbd smbd
#netbios-ns dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/nmbd nmbd
#
#Samba Web Administration Tool:
#swat stream tcp nowait.400 root /usr/sbin/swat swat
#
# Sun-RPC based services.
#
# rstatd/1-3 dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd rpc.rstatd
# rusersd/2-3 dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd rpc.rusersd
# walld/1 dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd rpc.rwalld
#
# End of inetd.conf.
root@test:~#

*********

2. Melihat user ftp :
root@test:~# vipw ---> (melihat user ftp)

akan tampil spt ini :
root:x:0:0::/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/log:
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/:
news:x:9:13:news:/usr/lib/news:
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucppublic:
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/bin/bash
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:
ftp:x:14:50::/home/ftp:
smmsp:x:25:25:smmsp:/var/spool/clientmqueue:
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
rpc:x:32:32:RPC portmap user:/:/bin/false
sshd:x:33:33:sshd:/:
gdm:x:42:42:GDM:/var/state/gdm:/bin/bash
pop:x:90:90:POP:/:
nobody:x:99:99:nobody:/:
ftptest:x:1000:106:ftptest,,,:/home/ftptest:/bin/bash ---> (user ftp)
admin_mysql:x:1001:27::/home/admin_mysql:
log:x:1002:102::/home/log:
test:x:1003:106:test,,,:/home/test:/bin/bash ---> (user ftp)
noc:x:1004:100:,,,:/home/noc:/bin/bash
~
~


3. Buat user ftp :
root@test:~# adduser test ---> (enter sampai di minta password)

4. Test hasil pembuatan ftp
root@test:~# ftp localhost ---> (cek ftp via localhost)
Connected to localhost.
220 ProFTPD 1.2.10 Server (ProFTPD Default Installation) [127.0.0.1]
Name (localhost:root): test
331 Password required for test
Password:

5. Melihat ftp services
root@test:~# ps ax | grep inetd
881 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/inetd
2190 pts/2 S+ 0:00 grep inetd
root@test:~#

6. Restart inetd
root@test:~# kill -HUP 881 ----> (restart)

7. Aktifkan kembali services ftp
root@test:~# /usr/sbin/inetd ---> (enter)

8. Pembuatan ftp services selesai

~~~~~~~~~~ selesai ~~~~~~~~~~

Password Recovery Linux

1. Masukan CD Operating System Linux pada CD Room

2. Untuk melihat direktory dimana OS_Linux di tempatkan dgn cara sbb :

root@test:~# fdisk /dev/hda ---> (melihat partisi hard disk)

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2482.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): p ---> (melihat partisi)

Disk /dev/hda: 20.4 GB, 20416757760 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2482 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 32 257008+ 82 Linux swap
/dev/hda2 * 33 1492 11727450 83 Linux -----> (partisi OS_Linux di tempatkan)
/dev/hda3 1493 2482 7952175 83 Linux

Command (m for help): q ---> (keluar tanpa menyimpan)

3. root@test:~# mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/ ---> (posisi OS_Linux di hda2 berada)

4. vi /mnt/etc /passwd ---> (melihat daftar password passwd)

Text yang terlihat pada etc passwd :
root:x:0:0::/root:/bin/bash

Catatan: Hapus 1 karakter ( x ) yang diberi warna merah pada user root dgn menekan tombol x pada keyboard. Simpan perubahan dgn perintah ( :wq! ).

5. vi /mnt/etc /shadow ---> (melihat daftar password pada shadow)

Text yang terlihat pada etc shadow :
root:$1$tK01lcgS$d4LgMfiFruFpHtf8W6g5s1:14074:0:::::

Catatan: Hapus karekter $1$tK01lcgS$d4LgMfiFruFpHtf8W6g5s1 yang di beri warna merah. Simpan perubahan dgn perintah ( :wq! ).

6. Reboot pc / komputer anda dan keluarkan CD OS_Linux dari CD Room.

7. Buat password baru untuk root. perintahnya sbb :

root@test:~# passwd root

8. Buat password baru untuk webmaster. perintahnya sbb :

root@test:~# passwd webmaster

9. Untuk Server ada tambahan sbb :

root@test:~# cat /etc/hosts.allow ---> (melihat isi di /etc/hosts.allow)
#
sshd:202.123.12.,172.12.13.,
proftpd:202.123.,172.12.,
vsftpd:202.123.,172.12.13.,

root@test:~# vi /etc/hosts.allow ---> (melihat / melakukan perubahan di /etc/hosts.allow)
skipping 12 old session files
reading /etc/hosts.allow
#
sshd:202.123.12.,172.12.13.,
proftpd:202.123.,172.12.,
vsftpd:202.123.,172.12.13.,

Catatan: ketikkan text paling atas ( sshd:202.123.12.,172.12.13., ) di server
yang akan di rubah. dan berikan tanda remark ( # ) di depan pada semua baris
yang ada ip add nya dengan tekan huruf ( i ) kemudian tekan ( # ).

Contoh:
#sshd:202.123.12.,172.12.13.,
#proftpd:202.123.,172.12.,
#vsftpd:202.123.,172.12.13.,

Dan Copy baris paling atas di server yang akan di rubah
sshd:202.123.12.,172.12.13.,

Simpan perubahan dgn ( :wq! )

~~~~~~~~~~ selesai ~~~~~~~~~~

Setting Printer Di OS_LInux

1. Ketikkan ini di aplikasi web http://localhost:631/admin akan terbuka tampil spt di bawah ini
system akan minta user root, masukan user root dan passwordnya.


2. Pilih menu Add Printer daftarkan nama lokasi dan Catatan utk perinter yang akan kita setting.
Contoh :

Nama : Printer-P1
Location : gedung-1
Discription : Hp Laser Jet 6 Lpcl
Pilih menu Continue

3. Pilih Device for PRINTER-P1

Device : App socket/HP Jet Direct
Pilih menu Continue

4. Pilih Divice URL for PRINTER-P1

Device : URL : socket://hostname:9100

Catatan : isi hostname dengan ip print servernya misal : URL : socket://192.168.xxx.xxx:9100 dan
port untuk printer di sesuaikan dengan letak kabel printer terpasang. misal : pada port1 (9101), pada port2 (9102) atau port3 (9103) dst.

5. Pilih Model sesuai dengan jenis perinter yang ada misal : / Driver for PRINTER-P1

Make : Raw
Canon
Dymo
Epson
HP
Lexmark
Okidata

6. Pilih jenis HP

Model / Driver for PRINTER-P1
Model : HP LaserJet 6 series, cups + gimp-pnnt v4.2.5 (en)
Pilih menu Continue

7. Installasi printer selesai sesuai dengan pesan yang di berikan oleh sisitem

Printer:PRINTER-P1 has been added successfully

8. Pilih / Click PRINTER-P1.

Catatan :
Bila printer tidak bisa berfungsi periksa cupsd nya apakah sudah di jalankan. Perintah melihat sbb:

root@test:~# ps -aef | grep cups (tekan enter)
root 907 1 0 06:22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/cupsd ---> (cupsd sdh di jalankan)
root 1576 1086 0 08:22 pts/2 00:00:00 grep cups
root@test:~#

Untuk merestart cupsd bisa menggunakan printah dengan membunuh nomer proses untuk cupsd tersebut perintahnya sbb:

root@test:~# kill -9 907 (tekan enter)

Kemudian kita jalankan kembali cupsd nya tersebut dengan perintah sbb:

root@test:~# /usr/sbin/cupsd (tekan enter)

~~~~~~~~~~ selesai ~~~~~~~~~~